Smartphone Market Essay Example for Free

Smartphone Market EssayWith emerging mobile technologies and rapid harvest-home in users of smartphones, there rescue been a lot of legal issues involved between the mobile phone producers. Standards are being set and patents are being registered by the producers to keep their market place place upright. These patents are registered mainly to monitor and implement the means to increase the number of consumers. This article will examine how these legal issues impress the end users and also about the legal issues which are being brought to the court. The article also discusses the implications of the current lack of specificity of the patents and suggests refinement of patents in terms of narrow versus blanket(a) inclusiveness.AnalysisThe smartphone market has taken a giant leap in the last decade with major markets emerging every day. The markets do commit their have got patent and copyright to keep their work intact from the other manufacturers. The legal issues binding to such patents are also complicated. These patents are directly connected to the lolly and also market value. They are considered to be valuable and serve as the counter weight for the manufacturers in terms of the market place and to keep a competitive balance in the market. The author in the article tries to understand the legal battle between Apple and Samsung on various patents they use on their phone. Apple on one hand claims that Android market has been invented to copy iphones creation and strategy whereas Samsung replies saying that familiar merchandise design doesnt mean imitation. This battles has started when Samsung launched the galaxy series.The legal battle mainly started with patent issues when Samsung went for Android market for their phones. The legal issues went public and familiar when Samsung was asked to pay $1.05 billion in damages as it acted wilfully in violating the patent rights. This also went to a stage where the Samsungs key phones and tablets may be banned for sales and the worlds biggest technology provider has shape up to a stand- still with their four year low on market value after the verdict the US jury. Samsung has come to stage overturn the decision with the patent battles come to an end but it always seems like a fake promise to keep the competitive market balance in mind for the smart phones.While Samsung believes that the design and feature of Apple should not be allowed to claim patent whereas Apple strongly believesthat its design and features are its main market value and consider them as its intellectual property. More violations from Samsungs end in patents have strengthened the case towards apple. These cases between Apple and Samsung have been spread to almost all the countries where they have their end consumers. Samsung being the main component supplier for Apple should have solved these issues amicably out of the court but failed to do so.The end customers are put in a question always whether to go for S amsung products or Apple products memory in mind the legal issues these two companies have. The product support also went to a question mark because of the pending legal cases in the court. Most of the applications in both the phones are instantaneously in a question mark because of the pending patent rights. Both Apple and Samsung phone users are getting a software update in which many of the features goes for redesigning and certain legal issues goes missing. The functionality of the phone remain the same but the patent suits won goes for upgradation. Because of these copying acts of Samsung, Apple have won 1 billion for damages and that is not all it might have negative impacts on the phones already released.The android market which is having a market stake of 60 to 70 percent will lose some key functionality and also some specific features. This could also end up Samsung in redesigning and changing the features in the phones which they have already released in the market. The end customers are also in the queue up whether the battle for the smartphones will affect the functionality of the product they have bought in the market. With android markets being at stake it is hugely a question mark for Samsung to depend on such market which is extremely competitive. Apple has shown the world that Samsung has copied the design and features of iphone. Apple in turn is trying the assay the android market which proves to be very competitive to the Iphone market. Apple tries to curb the manufacturers who are attached to Android market for which HTC legal cases and Samsung legal cases are a better example.Apple is tactically using its own method to tardily down the android market by attacking the companies making android devices While the prospects of losing so many design and features to Apple it could just be a platform for android to try something brand- sassy. This could be a push ahead move for android as they will try new things from now on and will not act as a shadow to ios. By introducingAndroid 4.0 Google is trying to improvise and create a new unique run(a) system to support the android making companies. Since the android phones no more resemble a iphone in the market, it could be a boost to sell the new model phones in the market. The legal cases could have favoured Apple but the sales and the market value is favouring Samsung. The cases have favoured Apple but if the customer have to go away from old hat and needs a good change they have to go for a new smartphones which are using android operating system.The industry experts reckon that the android markets would boom after the complex decision from the jury come up as they conclude that the phones will have a new look and features which will attract the customers more than before. The market share of android making phones are also expected to rise with their new design and feature. The end customers are given a new glimpse of phones which is not a shadow or imitation of iphon e with improved functionality and features. It gets better with wacky new designs for the customers and is proving to be a good idea for the manufacturers to try new things and new features on the phone. The law suits by apple in one form have helped the end customer to get new design and new features. This can be put in other words that there are now two different smart phones available which has different designs to excite the customer.References1. Dan Levine Purnima gupta (2012) Reuters, 27 August online Available at http//www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/27/us-apple-samsung-legal-idUSBRE87Q02K20120827 (Accessed on 13 declination 2012) 2.http//economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/hardware/apple-iphone-violated-three-patents-damages-unclear-u-s-jury/articleshow/17604481.cms

Estimating Environmental Impacts Of New Roads Environmental Sciences Essay

Estimating Environmental Impacts Of forward-looking roadways Environmental Sciences EssayMain Roads Western Australia Public Environment Report 2008 New Transportation drops nowadays is noticeably increasing across nations all around the world, especially the aspect of constructing new(a) roadway and highway networks, due to the tremendously unbeatable increase in the population of people on earth, thus, the demand of life resources, the involve of moving from one place to another (from place A to location B) is excessively increasing, in response to that governments of distinguishable countries atomic number 18 spending billions of dollars each year just to enhance and develop the transportation networks, focusing on the topical anaesthetic roadway and highway networks, this movement of development was noticeable after the war world II. CUsersEmadDocumentsUniversity ProjectsYear 4 ((2012 2013))Highway DesignAssignmentsAssignment 1ReferencesRoad and The environment.jpgAcc ording to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 2008, the fall in Arab Emirates has paved roadstead of 4,080 km (including 253 km of expressways), while the United States of America has paved roads of 6,506,204 km, this shows the extensive increasing demand on paved roads.Road projects can be taken as an indication of how urban the country is, the more essential the roadway network the break-dance the economy, because it provides more access to different locations with little travel magazine, thus it provides more jobs, health services and education. But as they say everything has its own price, developing new roads can submit some(prenominal) bad impacts on the environment and the ecosystem surrounding the roads. In this report, both the arbitrary and the negative impacts of new roads and highway on the environment and ecosystem give be discussed, nevertheless the different types of physical environmental impacts.Impact of Roads on the EnvironmentFragile Nature by Joel Sar tore Impact of new roads on the environment is becoming a more serious issue that governments should take cargon and be aware of, because of the increasing demand on constructing new roadways nowadays, what practices after constructing a new road most of the judgment of convictions is a permanent change with the environment surrounding the road and may develop with time and lead to a serious damage with the ecosystem that cant be reversed, so reckless planning and constructing of new roads could have a huge impact on the surrounding environment and the ecosystem. On the other hand, well designed and operated new roads could have positive impacts on the environment and the ecosystem, merely sometimes it cost more money to avoid affecting the environment, so engineers and environmental scientists are still trying to develop some new alternatives by using the new modern technology techniques to avoid any interruption that the human kind is causing by dominating the environmental res ources without looking at the consequences of the actions. http//images.joelsartore.com/gallery/B/BEA014-00001.jpgRecently many environmental engineers and scientists are conducting Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) reports to monitor and observe any physical impact on the environment and the ecosystem that may be result because of constructing new roads, the process of the environmental impact assessment may take some time, depending on the size of the project and where its located.Types of Environmental Impacts Resulting from New RoadsThere a lot of environmental impacts of constructing new roads and highways that can be observed, they all can be categorised in three pointsDirect Impacts this impact will take payoff in the near future.In broadcast Impacts this impact will take effect in the far future.Cumulative Impacts this impact will take effect in the far future after accumulation.*All these different impacts could have each a positive or a negative effect on the envi ronment and the ecosystem.Direct ImpactsDirect impacts on the environment can directly proceed during the process of the new road social structure, for example the 1st step of constructing a new road between two cities separated by a putting surface area or farm is removing the greens (trees, plants,,etc.) to place the roads gravel and asphalt (pavement), in general direct impacts are easier for the environmental assessment, because they are more predictable than the other two types (the indirect and the cumulative impacts), thus the impacts can be easily controlled to prevent any serious damage on the environment in case of the negative impacts.Direct Positive ImpactsAlthough that the direct impacts may have a lot of negative impacts, they have some positive impacts, for example, rechanneling a river or a water stream might improve the water retention of a village near by the road. Some developed countries are trying to merge the green and urban together, for example constructin g new roads with rain retention or drainage systems by including some plants. CUsersEmadDesktopLawrence Village Road Project 026.jpgLawrence Village Road Project (Image by Iron Age)Direct Negative ImpactsThere are a lot of direct negative impacts that may damage the environment, for example some major roads need to be constructed between major cities, so sometimes the process of turn of events requires removing or redirecting some obstacles like the flow of a river or water stream which will lead to a huge impact on the ecosystem, the remotion of farms and private properties. Air pollution could have the greatest impact on the environment (CO2 vehicles emissions) and noise pollution which all have negative effect on the ecosystem surrounding the road.Indirect ImpactsIndirect impacts can be also cognize as chain impacts, from the name we can tell that chain impacts require time to develop which will be hard to observe and measure during the construction of the new road.Indirect Pos itive Impactssome new modern roads that are being constructed have some facilities for pedestrians and bicyclists, thus this might help to reduce the impact of air pollution by reducing the number of vehicle users (CO2 emissions), in like manner some new roads has a special lane for buses which will encourage people to use the bus more often and this might also decrease the air pollution.Indirect Negative ImpactsWhen it comes to negative indirect impacts, the 1st thing comes is deforestation and the decline in forest animals and bird species, in 1994 adequate et al. drew attention with his report that the reduction and extinction of some bird species is primary because of new roads (noise and light). In 1982 Burke Sherburne examined the population of wildlife of mammals and birds during and after construction of new roads, they found there is a little movement of both mammals and birds densities to different places.Cumulative ImpactsThese types of environmental impacts could be c alled as silent impacts, because the results of these impacts will need time to accumulate.Cumulative Negative ImpactsGlobal warming could be one of the cumulative impacts, many scientists are referring to the incremental percentages of CO2 for the last 5 decades, where they come from the emissions of factories, nevertheless, the vehicles emissions, thus, constructing new roads means more vehicles and more CO2 emissions.Environmental Impact Assessment is the SolutionEnvironmental Impact Assessment also known as EIA, it should take place whenever there is a project that wanted to be constructed, the purpose of this environmental assessment is to check and consider every predictable impact (positive or negative) that may progress or affect the environment, it can be performed by taking study corridors, for example for green field roads a corridor of 10 100 km should be considered along the road that is being constructed, in order to assess and predict any changes that may occur surr ounding that new road.ConclusionAs what we have seen in this report there are a lot of impacts may occur because of constructing new roads, some are positive impacts and some are negative impacts, some will occur in the long-term and some will occur in the short-term, so in order to control and to predict them environmental impact assessments (EIA) need to be done before constructing any new roads for a better environmentally friendly future.

Quality Management in the Public Administration through CAF

Quality counseling in the commonplace Administration through CAFESF 4.159 Developing Quality Management in the existence Administration through CAF(SLIDE 3)The Commissions main Thematic Objectives atomic number 18 set out in Article 9 of the Common Strategic Framework. each(prenominal) common strategical mannikin contributes to the Union strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. Such objectives may be translated into specific priorities to each common strategic framework fund.The European Commission believes that the respective member states should continuously improve the environment for their businesses, citizens and stakeholders by means of the modernization of existence organization.The chosen project falls in spite of appearance the 11th Thematic Objective that seeks the enhancing of institutional strength and efficient public validation through stronger institutional capacity and more efficient public administration supported the European Social Fund (ESF).(SLIDE 4)In total the amount of ESF funds allocated to this project amount to a total of three hundred and thirteen thousand, three hundred and seventy euros. The central objective is that of strengthening efficiency and effectiveness of the public administration through lifelong learning and innovative activities.These are the main funding information including the total amount of allocated funds and the areas of intervention.(SLIDE 5)Through such investment stintingal improvement is one of the main drivers. This pass on be obtaind from better business environment and other societal and economic impacts of the subject stakeholders.The EU Commission impart specifically assessThe needs of stakeholders in collection to improve the delivery through quality heed systems, andThat there is besides a set of actions, referring to the establishment and use of already set quality guidance systems in a sustainable way.(SLIDE 6)Before the implementation of this project, the situat ion inside the Maltese in the public eye(predicate) Administration was characterised by contain use of quality commission systems. Nevertheless, elements such as the CAF, node solicitude and redress, online portals, service charters, directives and guidelines, e brass, one stop shop, Local Councils (as an alternative delivery channel), partnerships with NGOs and capacity building only existed to a limited extent.This project seeks to develop the skills and competences of public officers in the application of the CAF and central competencies within the Management Efficiency Unit (MEU). This would be achieved through training and ne 2rking of CAF users and experts.This alike leads to payload that improves the public service delivery through burden reduction of regulation and administrative procedures, quality assurance and control. Service delivery would increasely become professional, fair, plain and outcome-oriented. Service users would also be able to choose from carry of delivery which should be as close as possible to them.For such achievements the MEU would become a centre of excellence as regards the CAF. It would be able to strengthen the public sector in CAF implementation and the management of certification in order to pick up long term-sustainability.To obtain such objectives, adoption of better practices, maximizing of partnership synergies, leverage technology and the pursuing of merged social responsibility are substantial tools.(SLIDE 7)The CAF model is mainly based on 3 pillars that are Structure, Process, Outcome.Structure (or Leadership) holds thatCAF is based on 2 key elements that are Enablers and Results and thatEach enabler and result is get along broken down into key sub-criteriaProcess holds thatCAF is rooted on a teams view of the position of an organisation at a specific point in time and thatCAF nurtures a continuous improvement mindset within an organisationOutcome holds thatBenefits for the organizations stakeholders, i mage and reputation(SLIDE 8) judging of the achievement of desired achieved goals is done through the PDCA cycle. Basically this cycle observes theInitiation of the project such as thepreparation and organization of the process andCommunication within the organisationCarrying out of self- mind such as theSetting up of the self assessment teamTraining and data gathering andSelf assessmentPlanning and execution of improvements includesPrioritization and planningCommunication of the improvement plan adPeriodic review of the project(SLIDE 9 and 10)Scoring of sub-criteria is based on the PDCA cycle which typically takes between 6 to 10 weeks depending on the complexity and scale of the issue at stake.The 6 main criteria for fulfillment under conditionality 11 will achieve results into 3 main areas, which are of a Societal, Citizen and Workforce nature. All achievements lead to further economic efficiency within the subject organisation. Societal, Citizen/Consumer, and People/Workforce be nefits will be achievedSocietal improvements includeImprovement in quality of lifeAdaptation to trendsProactive holistic approachStakeholder engagementTransparencyCitizen improvements include hurrying deliveryImproved service levelCost-efficient operationsImage and reputationWorkforce improvements includeMotivated workforceRole clarity and intricacyImproved commitment to missionBetter resource utilisationReduced skill gaps(SLIDE 11)4 key strategic objectives form the core of this projectCAF as Quality Management System (QMS) that Promotes and implements the CAF as the Maltese ordinary Administrations first choice of quality management systemIt is anticipated that strategic initiative to attain this strategic objective include but are not necessarily limited to further roll out of CAF within Government providing implementation support, enablement and capacity to Department and Government Entities implementing CAF once a critical mass of Departments and Government Entities have adop ted CAF, a quality award is introduced to agnise achievement sharpening the condense on results and outcome orientation and introducing CAF in education and justice sectors.Partnerships that Strengthen partnership growth and management between the Maltese Public Administration and its stakeholdersIt is anticipated that strategic initiatives to attain this strategic objective include but are not necessarily limited to providing guidance and building capacity in partnership phylogeny and management developing further strategic partnerships in various sectors extending consultation to service design sustaining and improving on corporate social responsibility strengthening a proactive information policy and developing a corporate identity kit for the Public Administration. There are all areas where citizens, service users, and stakeholders can act together in co-design, co-decision making, co-production and co-evaluation.Services/Processes Improves the way services and associated bu siness processes operate and innovate within the Public administrationIt is anticipated that strategic initiative to attain this strategic objective include but are not necessarily limited to improving and innovating services and channels in use within the Public Administration developing capacity to implement business management further supporting business processes with ICT better records management maximizing citizen/customer suggestion and complaints system and introducing systematic citizen/customer satisfaction measurement.People Develops the capabilities of the Public Administration workforce in customer service, partnership development and quality management systemsIt is anticipated that strategic initiative to attain this strategic objective include but are not necessarily limited to sharpening the focus on performance management to ensure accessibility, transparency, quality of service delivery, involvement training and development of Public employees in the required toolk it and introducing climate and culture experience surveys with rung.(SLIDE 12)Current state-of-playThe adoption of a quality management framework would build on these efforts and works towards a more consistent approach to continuous improvement. CAF is a core tool to achieve sustainable excellence in all performance aspects. Actions are based on the premise that excellent results with respect to performance, customers, heap and society are achieved through leadership driving policy and strategy, that is delivered through people partnerships, resources, processes and change management.Unlike various other quality management models CAF is specifically targeted for public administration and is capable of capturing unique features of government organisations, holds a high degree of flexibility and may be used n a broad variety of circumstances.For this reason, CAF plays an enormous role in Maltas National Reform Programme under the Europe 2020 strategy. By the adoption and promotio n of CAF, the MEU would be increasing its level of self-assessment. MEU also aims to become the Maltese centre of expertise through the strengthening of its in-house capacity.(SLIDE 13)Three types of training that have been delivered by the European Institute of Public Administration in Mata includeA Specialised Training Programme in CAF delivered by CAF experts to 14 members (out of a total of around 20) of MEU staffA CAF Model Training Programme delivered by CAF experts to 6 groups of public officials andTraining on the Procedure on External Feedback and the CAF Label Training Programme delivered to members of MEU staff and public officials in the public sector.154 civil servants were trained in the TQM approach for the public sector to obtain knowledge on relevant concepts of quality development from a holistic perspective the content of quality instrument that have been used successfully over the past decade in many public sector organisations in many countries and the adequate processes of implementation.Additionally, a group of experts was also trained in the Procedure of External Feedback, assuring qualitative progress in future organisational development.A CAF website has also been created.3 CAF user organisations in Malta and Gozo have also been cash registered. Each after successfully completing a cycle of CAF assessment and implementation. (These are the Gozo Public Library, the Food Safety Unit and the Gozo Sports complex.) These users were also made subject to the process of concluding their second self-assessment, which would lead them to achieve the CAF Label certification. It should also be noted that the CAF Label Certification is valid for 2 years and thus each government entity would have to be assessed and certified every two years.Other 5 public organisations including Appogg and Sedqa have engaged in CAF towards excellence with the assistance of the MEU.(SLIDE 14)SERVIZZ.GOV portal is an online portal whereby citizens can complain with L ocal Councils and entities. There are pre-set timeframes for closure of the complaint, typically 10 or 20 days depending on the subject case. A significant percentage of complains are anonymous and some 95% of cases originate from Local Councils.MEU developed an in-house data warehouse to analyse trends and responsiveness. Overall, Local Council and entity responsiveness are analysed. MEU also monitors customer complaints performance regularly and validates closure on a sample basis.CUSTOMER CARE and REDRESS. All line ministries have customer care officers within their organisational structures. There are also administrative customer care officers within designated Directories within Ministries which route complaint resolution and monitor complaint closure. The major regulatory authorities, Departments and Government entities have various forms of customer care offices in operation. Training to Customer Care officers has been provided by the MEU and the CDRT/OPM.Redress mechanisms a vailable include the office of the Ombudsman, Tribunals and the Law Courts.QUALTY SERVICE CHARTERS. Charters spell out the rights of citizens as customers of a Public Service and specify the quality of service that can be expected. A department holding a charter will commit itself to express performance targets typically on waiting times, quality of product, courtesy and information provided. Charters also explain how to lodge complaints.In the light of government commitments, it is the opinion of the MEU that it is charge revising the Quality Service Charter initiative to reflect the changing times and resources of the Public Administration. However, such initiative should be as simple as possible, by monitored and audited regularly by third parties, independent of the servicing Department such as the IAID (i.e. for auditing purposes).ONE STOP SHOPS. Business First one-stop-shops run by Malta Enterprise since the beginning of 2012 with only 5% of total number of applications not being delivered within the prescribed deadline. The Malta Financial Services Authority can register a limited liability company within 48 hours provided the correct documentation is submitted. Local Councils are seen as the key means to move Public Services closer to citizens and service users. They already offer a range of community services. However, more work needs to be done to bring the most-frequently-used Public Services within the locality.(SLIDE 15)Through all these actions this project will lead to significant economic results. It has been calculated that around 70% of the total candidate organisations will benefit from an average of a 20% improvement that mainly includes economic efficiency. Stakeholders within the public administration do not only include offstage citizens but also the state itself. As a result the State will benefit from lesser deficits.(SLIDE 16 and 17)An analysis highlighting the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats resulting from this pr oject has also been done. Some of the main positive aspects are the better acquired knowledge about the tapping of EU funds, increased employment and the reduction of cost and administrative burdens. However, challenges such as new social risks and fiscal consolidation should still be studied and dealt with.CAF helps the Government in creating and maintaining the best possible environment in which Maltas scrimping could sustainably grow. Government would be able to create a sense of peace of mind in which, through transparency and less red tape economic operators will know where they stand. It is vital that pointless bureaucracy does not lead to extra costs that weigh down enterprises and hamper economic growth.Further economic growth will be achieved through investment in infrastructure and the productive capabilities of the country, the skills of the workforce and more workers who enter the labour market.

The Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxies

The Milky Way and andromeda GalaxiesThe ocular morphology of galaxies varies according to environment. In a moneyed cluster, galaxies will ordinarily be elliptical, S0 and cD galaxies. In lower density regions irregular and spiral galaxies be more comm scarcely found. Such low density regions include near(a) the edges of galaxy clusters, in groups, on the outer edges of rich clusters, or as a relatively isolated galaxy. Examples of irregular galaxies that follow this pattern include those in the Local Group (e.g. NGC3109, Sextans A and B) and the irregular galaxies that can be found on the outskirts of the Virgo Cluster.In high density regions there is the likelihood of more interactions that could head to alterations in morphology, for example galaxy-galaxy and galaxy-cluster interactions. These types of interactions could explain why there are fewer spiral galaxies in high density regions. The merging of two spiral galaxies of connatural size is thought to result in the form ation of an elliptical galaxy. Spiral galaxies that fall into the intracluster medium are thought to lose a significant residual of their interstellar medium due to the effects of ram pressure stripping, resulting in a S0 or dwarf spheroidal galaxy. In the centre of a rich galaxy cluster it is common to find a luminous elliptical galaxy (such as M87 in the Virgo cluster), these are likely to have formed from the conjugation of several smaller galaxies and in some cases can result in the formation of a cD galaxy. An example of the morphological distribution of galaxies in a rich cluster can be seen in the Virgo cluster which has the cD galaxy M87 at its centre and a high proportion of elliptical and S0 galaxies skirt M87.The impact that environment has on dwarf galaxies is not so well known since these galaxies are fainter and thus more difficult to observe.1b) The luminosity of galaxies also varies with optical morphology. On average spiral and irregular galaxies are brighter tha n ellipticals or S0 galaxies of a similar mass. Spiral and irregular galaxies have a higher content of real young stars whereas S0 and elliptical galaxies contain older, less bright stars. However, since galaxies can vary significantly in size then the luminosity needs to be looked at over a range of galaxy types and sizes. Elliptical galaxies exhibit the widest variation in size and luminosity. The luminosity of ellipticals can be in the range 3 x 105 to 1011Lsun and this is due to them ranging in size from extreme dwarfs to cD galaxies. A dwarf elliptical such as M32 has a luminosity of 1.995 x 109Lsun (source Grebel, 2003) and a cD galaxy such as NGC 6166 has a luminosity of 3.7 x1011Lsun (source Bender, 2015). There is less variation in size for spiral galaxies and they can only be found as large or giant systems, consequently spiral galaxies have luminosities over the range 108 to 2 x 1010Lsun. A regular(prenominal) spiral galaxy such as the Milky Way has a luminosity of 2.5 x 1010Lsun (source Grebel, 2003). Irregular galaxies have luminosities in the range 107 to 109Lsun and therefore are not as bright as some of the giant spirals. In the Local Group there are dwarf irregular galaxies such as NGC 6822 which has a luminosity of 9.4 x 107Lsun and larger irregular galaxies such as the Large Magellanic Cloud which has a luminosity of 2.5 x 1010Lsun (source Grebel, 2003).. The Milky Way and Andromeda are due to merge with from each one other in approximately 2 billion years. As the two galaxies get closer the biggest changes will be caused by the gravitational effects of the two galaxies and the friction caused between the gas and dust. These early effects will result in the shape of the galaxies being modify when stars are forced out of their orbits. Ultimately, how both galaxies are affected by the merger process will be dependent on the collision angle, accelerate of the galaxies, their size and composition. Material from the outer disks of both galax ies will be stripped off and form tidal tails. During the merger process the orbits of the stars will become random and have little order. It is unlikely that any stars will collide with each other as they are so far a actuate. However, some stars will be ejected from the final galaxy.As the galaxies collide clouds of hydrogen gas will accumulate and be compressed enough to trigger gravitational collapse and thus pay off the star formation process.During the merger process the dark matter is unlikely to interact and will remain unchanged.The Sun will be moved from its extradite orbit and is likely to end up in the outer halo of the newly formed galaxy at a radius 30kpc as part of an extended tidal tail. There is also the small possibility that the Sun could be ejected from the galaxy altogether.As the two black holes at the centre of each galaxy approach within 1 light year of each other they will begin to emit gravitational waves. This energy will give out out, affecting the orb its of stars. It is possible that the gas accumulated by the black hole merger could create a luminous quasar or an active astronomical nucleus in the centre of the newly formed galaxy.Since the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies are similar in size, then their spiral structures will be destroyed during the collision and the new single larger system will result in a giant elliptical galaxy.

The Film Schindlers List versus Novel Schindlers Ark Essay -- Holoca

Schindlers List The depiction Schindlers List has a tendency to simplify and sentimentalize the character Oskar Schindler compared to the romance Schindlers Ark in which the film is based on. The film Schindlers List lacks depth and understanding of the character Oskar Schindler, and tends to over dramatize events within the film in which Oskar Schindler is responsible for. The novel Schindlers Ark begins its in-depth documentary story with the earlier life of Oskar Schindler. The novel describes his family life in the Austro-Hungarian Empire and his rebellious teenage years in the newly created state of Czechoslovakia. The novel informs the reader of Oskar Schindlers relationship with his father and how his father abandoned Oskars mother, in which Oskar never forgave his father for leaving his mother alone. This information of how Oskar Schindler became to be how he is, is all significantly missed with Schindlers List, Because it gives the viewer a wh ole outlook of Oskar Schindler and a better understanding of the ...

Religion and Science in the Parable of the Unjust Steward :: Christianity Religious Scientific Essays

ABSTRACT The Parable of the Unjust Steward should be interpreted allegorically, its literal interpretation shown to be impossible. Certain facts make this parable unique a lord as the Lord divine possessions the symbolism of the house interpreted as a human being the material principles of the world understood as the governor of a human being the Lords debtors as spiritual teachers of various kinds theological doctrines with their own theogonic and cosmogonic views, all claiming to know the rectitude in its wholeness. Their debts consist of their misunderstandings and errors which have caused the difference between them and truth. Examples of the part of the material principles of the world in correcting theological doctrines are adduced. Two different kinds of debt are considered. I conclude that make to yourselves friends of the riches of unrighteousness means that the material reasons of the world, the wisdom of this age, must be used for the good of spiritual teachings.The subje ct I am going to approach may at first glance try outm not to belong at all to the subject of the current session. However we shall see that the subsequent material has the most immediate connection to the theme of philosophy of religion. The question is of the Parable of the Unjust Steward. Before I begin the interpretation itself, permit me remark that this parable is a text unique with respect to its isolation from the rest of the texts of the Bible. For in all of Scripture there is not even the slightest informant to this parable. And the Parable of the Unjust Steward has remained in the darkness of misunderstanding not only after the first glance, but even after the thousandth one. No exegete has ever been able to give an interpretation which is free of internal and other contradictions. This fact also makes this parable unique. So much for the rule declaring that closer an interpreter to the time of Scripture better is his chance to penetrate into the mystery of it, which lies at the base of the habit of magnifying the opinions of the Church Fathers.It will not be out of menage here to recall the words of Maimonides a story which is repugnant to both reason and common sense ... contains a profound allegory ... and the greater fatuousness of the letter, the deeper the wisdom of the spirit. We have just such a case.

Medieval Outlook on the Bubonic Plague Essay -- Biology Medical Biomed

The Medieval Outlook on the bubonic PlagueThe ignominious closing was a major factor in the history of europium as well as the history of the world. Rivaling the effects of an immense bioterrorist attack, the Black Death was responsible for the taking of over 25 million lives. Creating economic, societal, and medical changes, the Black Death forced Europe to essentially recreate its entire groundwork. At the time of the Black Death, medicine remained very archaic,and European society scrambled to queue a cure to this mysterious disease. This study ponders the effects of mediaeval methods of treatment on this once ravaging disease.The Middle Ages was a dark time for the peck of Europe. As the Black Death reigned during the mid-14nth century, dead bodies littered the streets, social order was abandoned, and human pretenses were forgotten. This deadly disease resulted in a complete alteration in the foundations of Europe itself. Unique practices, myths, and beliefs manifested them selves in the people?causing them to doubt the very church and government which had once captured their undoubting faith. Despite the scrambling of both doctors and church officials, there seemed no end to the enormous death tolls. The plague, feared and dreaded by all, changed the behavior of an entire continent and resulted, ultimately, in the death of a third of its population.European society did not understand the disease?partly because the plague itself changed form?and thus strove to find a cure. Two main types of plague predominated in the time of the Black Death?the bubonic and the pneumonic. Both types of diseases are caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis but vary in methods of transmission . Although the bubonic plague is not contagious and can o... ...sease. The medieval outlook on the plague, mingled with feelings of hysteria and greed, was a fearful one.Bibliography1.Historical Blood Beliefs. Medical Blood. July 20, 2005ttpwww2.kenyon.edu/Depts?WMNS/Project/Wmns36/bl oodli/medframe.htmMedieval Outlook on the Bubonic Plague 62.Jarret C. et al Transmisson of Yersinia Pestis from an infectious biofilm in the flea vector. Journal of Infectious Disease (2004) v 190 I4 p7833.Stevenson, J. (2004, Sept.). Impact of Infectious Diseases on Development of Human Societies. MBI. July 18, 2005http//cas/muohio.edu/stevenjr/mbi111/impact111.html.4.The Black Death. The History of Bubonic Plague. December 2, 2003 http//dpalm.med.uth.tmc.edu/courses/BT2003/BTstudents2003_files%5CPlague2003.htm5. Persecution of Jews. Europe in the Late Middle Ages Ages.http//history.boisestate.edu/hy309/Plague/17.html