Color Band Resistors Essay Example for Free

Color Band Resistors Essay RESISTOR A resistor is a component of a circuit that resists the flow of electrical current. It has two terminals across which electricity must pass, and it is designed to drop the voltage of the current as it flows from one terminal to the other. Resistors are primarily used to create and maintain known safe currents within electrical components. Resistors are coated with paint or enamel, or covered in molded plastic to protect them. Because they are often too small to be written on, a standardized color-coding system is used to identify them. The first three colors represent ohm value, and a fourth indicates the tolerance, or how close by percentage the resistor is to its ohm value. This is important for two reasons: the nature of its construction is imprecise, and if used above its maximum current, the value can change or the unit itself can burn up. †¢ RESISTANCE In physics, resistance is defined as the ability of a substance to prevent or resist the flow of electrical current. A substance resists electrical current because of a collision between electrons and atoms, which slows the electrons down and converts some of their energy to heat energy. In some cases, the energy is also converted into light. German physicist Georg Ohm (1789-1854) is credited with discovering the effect of a materials make up, length and thickness on its resistance. In fact, the standard unit of measuring resistance, the ohm, is named after him. Ohms law became publicly known in 1827 and states that a circuit’s resistance is 1 ohm if a 1-volt voltage make 1 amp of current. According to Ohms law, a circuits resistance is equal to its voltage divided by the amount of current. †¢ RESISTIVITY The measure of the potential electrical resistance of a conductive material. It is determined experimentally using the equation [pic] = RA/l, where R is the measured resistance of some length of the material, A is its cross-sectional area (which must be uniform), and l is its length. It is measured in ohm-meters. Resistivity of a material remains constant whether it is taken about 1 cm..or 1km (on a constant temperature and other physical conditions remains the same) The Resistivity of a material depends on temperature( and other physical conditions such as air pressure) and the nature of the material (avaibility of free electrons.number of free electrons are same in an element atoms). †¢ TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT The temperature coefficient is the relative change of a physical property when the temperature is changed by 1 Kelvin. In the following formula, let R be the physical property to be measured and T be the temperature at which the property is measured. T0 is the reference temperature, and ΔT is the difference between T and T0. Finally, ÃŽ ± is the (linear) temperature coefficient. Given these definitions, the physical property is: [pic] Here ÃŽ ± has the dimensions of an inverse temperature (1/K or K−1). This equation is linear with respect to temperature. For quantities that vary polynomially or logarithmically with temperature, it may be possible to calculate a temperature coefficient that is a useful approximation for a certain range of temperatures. For quantities that vary exponentially with temperature, such as the rate of a chemical reaction, any temperature coefficient would be valid only over a very small temperature range. Different temperature coefficients are specified for various applications, including nuclear, electrical and magnetic. 1. What are the uses of resistors? †¢ Resistors are essential in electronic circuits, as they control the amount of current that runs through them. Without resistors voltage would be too great for individual components to handle and would result in overloading or destruction. The principle by which resistors work can also be applied to heating elements in irons, toasters, heaters, electric stoves and hair dryers, which dissipate voltage as heat. Variable resistors may function as sensors, switches or voltage dividers. Specialist end uses, such as new generation automotive LED light clusters, demand a specialist resistor solution. Aluminum clad wire wound resistors provide high power dissipation in a limited space, and are designed for direct heat sink mounting, using thermal compound to achieve maximum performance. The resistors work as a ballast to augment the resistance in the LED, mimicking that of a conventional 2. What is the difference between 4 color, 5 color, and 6 color band resistors? †¢ 4 Color Band Resistors- These resistors have two bands for the resistance value and 1 band for the multiplier and 1 tolerance band. This is the most common variation. †¢ 5 Color Band Resistors- These are with high precision and have an extra band to indicate a 3rd significant digit. The 1st three bands indicate the significant digits, the 4th band is the multiply factor and the 5th represents the tolerance. There are exceptions to this. For example, sometimes the extra band indicates failure rate or temperature coefficient. †¢ 6 Color Band Resistors- These are resistors that are usually for high precision that have an additional band to specify the temperature coefficient (ppm/k). The 1st three bands are for the resistance value, the 4th for the multiplier, the 5th for the tolerance and the 6th for the temperature coefficient. Sources: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-resistor.htm http://www.wisegeek.com/in-physics-what-is-resistance.htm http://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100627073410AAvDj3T http://www.thefreedictionary.com/resistivity http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_coefficient http://www.rapidonline.com/infozone/resistors/applications.htm

New Enterprise Group Essay Example for Free

New Enterprise Group Essay Bob Chen came from the oriental culture. He was born in Hong Kong. He came to Canada to study and was eventually given the opportunity to work in one of the largest public accounting firms in Canada, James-Williams. As most Orientals, he was quiet and soft-spoken. He was not a straightforward person. He does not readily utter his exact opinions about a situation or a person. This courteous behavior of his had also apparently concealed most of his views about career and work. David Shorter, though not indicated in the case study, possesses the characteristics of a person hailed from or has a great grasp of the Canadian or Western culture. Being the Practice Manager of the New Enterprise Group at James-Williams for the past four years, he had undoubtedly been successful in handling many Canadian constituents under his management. Chen and Shorter had different approaches to management. Shorter believed that for an employee like Chen who has great potential, he has to take things step by step. Chen had expressed his desire to be a tax consultant and thus would like to receive tasks heading toward that direction. Shorter, however, explained that he still needs to do another year of auditing work to make him a more effective tax consultant. He also wanted to take advantage of Chen’s oriental background and would like to use him as linkage to attract Hong Kong clients. Aside from the shortage of senior auditors for that year, a longer auditing experience would help him better understand business problems which would be essential to his desired specialization. Chen, however, was insistent with his career plans. Shorter attempted a compromise by offering him an all-expense-paid tax training program as long as he agrees to spend another year in auditing. Chen rejected the offer and still pushed to be assigned to a tax partner. Shorter finally gave in and assigned Chen to Joe Silverman but Chen has to do some auditing still during his first year with Silverman. Chen, unlike Shorter, was not convinced in taking his career step-by-step. He thought another year of auditing work would only delay him from his desire to be a tax consultant. He was not agreeable to Shorter’s statement that to be an effective tax consultant, he would need to have ample experience as a senior auditor. He, however, had understood Shorter’s visions of attracting Hong Kong clients to the New Enterprise Group. Being able to speak in Chinese and familiar with their culture, he would be able to win their trust easily. But this, unfortunately, was not what he had planned to do in his career. Chen’s performance after his meeting with Shorter was not very satisfactory. It was an act of professional discourtesy not to express directly if he had accepted or rejected the audit task for Softdisk Computer Company. Personality-wise, he may be known not to be very vocal with his opinions or feelings. But professionally, this is very detrimental. Softdisk is one of the important clients of the New Enterprise Group. Important clients should be handled with much care as their trust and confidence to the accounting firm is what retains them as clients. Mike Mcleod who brought up the auditing project went through the proper channels to determine the senior auditor who was available and capable of doing the job. Chen was the only one available in September and October. According to Silverman, there were no tax work lined up for him yet and the job Mcleod was offering would also touch on some tax issues which would be a good experience for him. Chen had not been explicit in expressing his hesitation with the project. He nevertheless attended the physical inventory conducted by the client. This risked the relationship with the client even more. Softdisk had Chinese origins and upon finding out that Chen would be auditing for them, they were very pleased. Once Chen withdraws from this project and declares that he did not want to do the audit in the first place, the New Enterprise Group will be placed in a bad light. Worse, Softdisk may withdraw themselves as a regular client. Shorter, who was also responsible in attracting and maintaining clients, would not find this very acceptable. He would give a failing evaluation to Chen for his professionalism. One of the factors to this evaluation would be his hesitation to the project which had no supporting grounds. First of all, as per task scheduling, he was available during the auditing period for Softdisk. He had also agreed to still perform auditing tasks though he had been assigned already to a tax partner. Other factors would be his being quiet with his hesitations and showing up to the client despite his uncertainties. Losing Softdisk as a client would be a big blow to Shorter and to the New Enterprise Group. The bad image may also eventually reflect to James-Williams as a company which was regarded as one of the most respected accounting firms in Canada. Chen’s behavior and the misunderstanding that transpired between him and his colleagues may also be reflective of a cross-cultural conflict. Individuals with oriental upbringing like Chen are not straightforward people like most Canadians or Westerners. They usually choose to be quiet out of courtesy or being polite to the other party. Being in a foreign land also makes them sensitive to racial discrimination issues. It is possible that Chen may have also perceived Shorter’s recommendation to take one more year in auditing as an underestimation of his capability to move forward as a tax consultant, reason enough for him to be insistent to be placed in a tax assignment. Chen’s colleagues who may not have understood how Oriental people do and perceive things may have taken this behavior against Chen. They may have also overlooked other factors while pushing Chen to take the project. For example, Chen may be by nature a very serious worker that when he accepts a particular project, he does not accept any project unless he is sure that he can finish it to its end and with good quality at that. Chen mentioned that he was currently working with the audit for a film company. This was, according to him, the reason for his hesitation with Softdisk as he did not want to leave his current project unfinished or to jeopardize it. And because he was not so vocal about his opinions and feelings, his colleagues had interpreted this as a deliberate rejection to projects and being very picky about them. Understanding the working styles, career perceptions, cultural norms and behaviors is a major challenge for managers who have subordinates coming from different cultural origins. There may already be barriers primarily in communication. Interaction may be difficult between a native of the country and a foreigner who educated himself to understand and speak the native language. Meanings may be different and may become the usual cause of misinterpretation or misunderstanding between colleagues. It is also unavoidable for some foreigners to manifest their own culture and beliefs when they communicate or work with others. There are some cultures which always exhibit themselves as dominant and aggressive. Some are quiet and not very vocal about their opinions and feelings like Chen. Others also appear very defensive when in front of individuals from other cultures especially there had been a history of discrimination against them. Because of some inherent beliefs, culture also affects one’s confidence in decisions made by the company. The subordinate may register agreement or display quiet hesitation to the decision. Without proper communication channels, opinion differences may lead to loss of confidence to the company or interest to work. For these cultural differences that may eventually evolve to office conflict, managers have to be very careful when communicating, giving out statements and mandating decisions to their subordinates. Statements and decisions should be seen as based from actual facts, from democratic discussions and not from subjective, biased ideas. It is also recommended for managers to learn something about the cultural backgrounds of their subordinates. A manager should always be a step ahead of his subordinates. He should be aware of their thinking processes, goals and working styles. With this knowledge, he can also implement appropriate techniques to motivate them and to criticize them when necessary. Not everybody in the company may perceive a colleague from a different cultural background as an equal. It is then the responsibility of the manager to mandate cultural equality in the office. He may create policies like for any display of cultural discrimination would mean an evaluation of unprofessionalism. Proper communication is a very crucial factor in resolving cross-cultural conflict. Professionally, managers and subordinates may adjust with each other so they can together meet certain goals. As in the case of Chen and his colleagues, misunderstanding may have been avoided if the communication lines had remained open. Chen would have vocalized his hesitancy to the Softdisk project before it came to the point of putting the relationship with the client at risk. Mcleod and Silverman would have been able to make some adjustments as well in due time. Similarly, Chen would have retained his professional stature in the company and not find himself unworthy in his position in the New Enterprise Group.

The Meaning of True Love

The Meaning of True Love True love is possibly the most fulfilling of lifes secret treasures. but love by a lesser standard is still extremely important for the human experience. In the poem True Love by Wislawa Szymborska Wislawa talks of how true love is overrated and unnecessary. But in truth the argument against true love is created to comfort those who lack it. Love, if not true love is an crucial emotion for the human race; it is important for psychological development, social development, and in the end happiness. Is love an emotion? Even though love is a mixture of chemicals in the brain it is also a combination of emotions exhibited by the human race. It is the feelings of joy, support, and Strength given through companionship. Love is supposedly the great connector between different people around the globe. Love has driven mankind and its actions for centuries and will do so for centuries to come. Love for others and for heritage and home, provides a stable ground for a diverse community such as our world. But those lacking these basic emotions in their lives can cause disturbances in peoples lives. Even those with a love for their heritage or country may cause cracks in this stable ground if they cannot accept other peoples love for their own heritage or beliefs. True love for the romanticist is the ultimate goal, the purest form of love. A connection that runs extremely deep, binding two people eternally to support and love one another. But as most ultimate things are true love is extreme ly rare and in any day or age, it is equally hard to come bye. But for those lucky enough to gain true love it lasts them a lifetime. Brain scans have proved that a small number of couples can respond with as much passion after 20 years as most people exhibit only in the first flush of love.(Harlow, and Montague) But even without true love people connect and bind themselves to each other, searching for or trying to build the right relationship for themselves. Looking for someone to support them, keep them company, and someone to experience life with. Since the begging of human civilization people have sought out to connect with others, and once acquired these connections have influenced their decisions, actions, emotions, and their lives. Love is an extremely important human emotion, from early age it can affect a childs mentality. By establishing a connection with their parents and siblings children are also taught how to interact with others.The childs first relationship, the one with the mother, acts as a template, as it permanently molds the individuals capacities to enter into all later emotional relationships.(Young) These first relationships help explain how to navigate through social situations. These early relationships can also affect how a child acts ad feels. If a childs relationships fail to form or their parents are distant, they may become socially awkward or develop low self esteem. But at the same time a child who has a fully developed relationship with their parents will be more understanding of basic emotions and empathy. This early base can affect peoples decisions throughout their lives. Love has been extremely important for people throughout history as well. Peoples love for their country would i nspire them to defend it. Someones love for their job keeps them happy while at work. A soldier at war may think about his wife and child. All these people take inspiration from the people or this they love and use it to motivate themselves. But at the same time there are people who cant take inspiration from this emotion. People who have never found or built a true and strong connection with someone, or someone who is bitter and has regrets. These people either live one impassive or depressed, or grow cold and closed off. These people may no longer understand things like empathy and compassion. Love can affect people in many different ways, it can bend and break an individual and it can bind two people together for the rest of their lives. Love has been a driving force for many people in their every day lives. For people who are bound together may support each other just with their existence. The very thought that they will be there for the person may drive them to face their responsibilities and complete any tasks assigned to them. Love can also destroy a persons will to live, especially love that is one sided. Feelings generated by knowing that the individual that is admired does not recognize ones own existence; much less one owns feelings directed towards them, can deprive a person of the will to sleep, eat, or in drastic cases feel compelled to uphold personal responsibilities. If left unchecked these people can turn into misanthropes, loathing those who have found happiness. Let the people who never find true love keep saying that theres no such thing. Their faith wil l make it easier for them to live and die.(Szymborska 577-578) True love can leave impressions on those blessed with it, leaving scars on those who forfeited their love or missed their chance. And wonderful memories for those who loved and lost. But in reality common love can affect people in similar ways. While common love also has the power to bind people and is very painful to lose, it can also bring people back together after their connection has been lost and then rebuild it. Where as with the apparent rarity of true love it is either acquired and held on to or is lost for good. This may be the one advantage of common place love over true love. Love affects every single person on the entire planet. Weather it is someones drive to find true love, someones existing love, or someone who cannot find love, this emotion rules parts of their lives. For someone who cannot find love, it may turn them sour or bitter. lamenting over others good fortune these poor souls forget to keep vigil for their chance at love. As a driving force love can be extremely powerful weather in the case of driving the loveless to seek out companionship or driving the lover to action on behalf of his partner. Loves driving force has led people and nations to ruins but has also led a select few to glory and legend. Those who search out true love, depending on their style may go through many relation ships looking for their soul mate. The one true love to end all other minor feelings, but true love might be something crafted not found. And if so then what of all the others left behind in their search for true love? They are left to find or make their own sp iritual connection with someone, or be left bitter, cold, or unaffected by love. For those whom love already exists true love may come with ease or difficulty, dependent on weather true love can be made or if it has to be found. If true love can be made then anyone who can continue a relationship until that connection is made can be truly happy with their lives. Love has affected people since the beginning of time. In the Christian scripture god creates woman from man, so as to give man a companion. In the times before Christ in the bible men and women still married. Although some men are described as polygamist love could still prevail, as in The Story of Hosea and Gome. Where Hosea takes Gome back after she betrayed him and took another lover. Love has come through from this early beginnings of culture and society to todays twenty first century world. Love has spanned countless generations, no matter where in time it occurs love has connected countless people on a plane deeper than that of friendship and camaraderie. In todays modern world love can be described as something intangible yet still dangled in front of ones face. With the proliferation of dating websites like E-harmony and match.com finding true love has become a process that seems ever more so out of our control. Although with the change of time processes and methods of findin g love or true love have changed, the fact is that people are still driven to companionship and the search for true love no matter how or when. The search for love will last as long as people feel emotions, as the feelings of fear, inadequacy and loneliness are what drive people to find another who will accept and soothe these feelings without any prejudice. If someone loses their chance at love, and they turn bitter, or become depressed; they only need to remember that there is more than one chance for a meaningful relationship waiting for them. Every single person is a new connection waiting to be formed. Just because someone slips away does not mean that theres no hope. Even if someones childhood relationships are not fully formed, or someone has a hard time making a connection with other people; they can recover from their disadvantage. Every new relationship is another possibility and another chance at love. Harlow, John, and Brendan Montague. Scientists discover true love. Sunday Times January 4, 2009 : Web. 8 Dec 2009. . Szymborska, Wislawa. True Love. Making Literature Matter. Ed. John Schilb, John Clifford. Boston: Bedford / ST. Martins, 2009. Print. Young, Cori. Child Development is Almost Entirely About Love, Research Clearly Shows. Natural Humor Medicine. Natural Humor Medicine, Web. 8 Dec 2009. .

The True Author Of Shakespeares Works :: essays research papers

Who Was The True Author of Shakespeare’s Works?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The authenticity of Shakespeare’s works being those of William Shakespeare has long been debated. Many people and scholars have explored the possibility that maybe the many amazing plays and sonnets were possibly written by a man named Edward de Vere, the 17th Earl of Oxford. There is a good amount of evidence supporting the theory that this man may be the real â€Å"Shakespeare†, while on the other hand, it would be very difficult to deny the popular belief of William Shakespeare being who most people say he is. The thought of Edward de Vere being the author would change many aspects of our theatrical world today, and prove how influential word-of-mouth can be.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to popular belief, William Shakespeare was an amazing writer. His real name was William Shakspere. With works from Hamlet to Othello to the well-known Romeo and Juliet, his plays have been adapted many times over. The themes that were in his dramas have recurred many times in movies, plays, and other performances since they were first performed in the 1600’s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  William Shakspere was the son of John Shakspere, a glover, trader, and landowner. William grew up in a town called Stratford, England, and he went to a school called King’s New School. It is believed that all of Shakespeare’s education was received at that school. He grew up and married a woman named Ann Hathaway when he was 18, and they had 3 children. It is said that he moved to London and joined an acting troupe soon after his children were born. He wrote plays for the troupe and became very successful. That is the extent of the information about Shakspere, and there are very little records about any other known history.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Edward de Vere was a renowned gentleman, as well as the 17th Earl of Oxford. He had earned two Master’s Degrees before he was seventeen years old, and also was very proficient in classics and French. In 1575, Oxford won the Queen's permission to tour the Continent. He visited Paris, Verona, Rome, Venice and Padua, among other cities, which would have given him descriptions for detail apparent in The Two Gentlemen of Verona, Romeo and Juliet and The Merchant of Venice. He was very familiar with upper class society, but knew very little about the lower classes, besides what he heard or observed. He loved to write plays and was an amazing poet according to accounts in recovered letters written by his acquaintances.

The Exploration of the Orgasm Essay -- essays research papers

The role of the orgasm in heterosexual relationships is significant in having a satisfying malefemale relationship according to society’s expectations. By using the malefemale binary, as well as exploring the social construction of sex, we can see just how significant the role the orgasm plays in heterosexual relationships. First off, we must understand that orgasms are achieved differently for both males and females.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Male orgasms are achieved through the male sex organ, being the penis. It has many nerve endings that are very sensitive. The female orgasm contains just as many of these nerve ending, but is a much smaller size. The penis is on average 5.5 inches, where the clitoris is about 1 inch. What is interesting is the actual act of sexual penetration in regards to orgasms. This act is perfectly constructed for the male to achieve orgasms, but poorly constructed for the female. The vagina is inches away from the clitoris, and is the primary body part involved in sex. Since the penis is penetrating the vagina, we see how it is easy for it to be fully stimulated and to reach climax. However, the female sex organ receives little if any stimulation depending on the position, which in fact makes it extremely hard for females to reach climax. It is also interesting to note that the act of intercourse itself ends not with the female orgasm, but with the male. Due to the biologica l make-up of males and females, the actual act of sex (penetration) is constructed around the male orgasm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When exploring the role of the orgasm, we have to take into consideration complexity of the female orgasm. Society makes up certain stereotypes for males and females in terms of sexual relationships. Here we take into consideration the malefemale binary in terms of sex and emotion. Males are able to separate sex from emotion, where females combine the two. Therefore, the female orgasm is both physical and metal. Some females even go further and say that without both components involved, the female orgasm is extremely hard to achieve unless they are both physically and mentally involved with their male counterpart. This also requires most females to be completely comfortable with their male partner. Society on the other hand finds it acceptable for men to be sexually promiscuous, and this is a key factor for men to be ab... ...ay â€Å"can we try something different, because this is not working for me†. This would then lead to the man feeling very tricked and betrayed, and would be a blow to his ego (because he not masculine according to society unless he can please the woman). Therefore, women should learn to always be honest, and let the man know he makes you feel good whether you orgasm or not, but that there are certain things he can do (oral, sex toys) that can help you achieve orgasm as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, we see that through certain social stigma, such as masturbation and oral sex, as well as through the concepts of the male being the gift giver, and the act of penetration focusing on the penis, society gives little importance to the female orgasm. In terms of heterosexual relationships it is important for the female to be open with her partner in informing him of what is needed to increase her sexual pleasure, which will help bring her to orgasm as well. Society has placed a great importance on orgasms in relationships, especially in terms of the male, and as a result we have found ways to ensure this is satisfied through faking it, sex toys, and different sexual acts.

National Constituent Assembly Essay -- essays research papers

To what extent did the reforms of the Constituent Assembly create discontent? The National Constituent Assembly solved some of Frances short term problems, but caused significant discontent due to its inability to resolve long term problems, that had been destroying France economically, politically and socially. There were some groups of society that were quite content with the reforms of the Constituent Assembly, such as a majority of the bourgeoisie, peasants who gained from the abolition of the Feudal system, and some members of the first and second Estate. However, many other people and groups, such as King Louis XVI, Nobles who had become emigres after losing their land, clergy who had refused to swear allegiance to the new state, loyal Catholics, the Sans Culottes and a rapidly growing republican movement, that were unhappy with the Constituent Assembly. It was in these later groups that the brewing discontent lay, but none shared a common discontent, and few shared a common goal. It would be the most radical of these reactionary groups, who seized leade rship of the French people, in the nation's time of need. The National Constituent Assembly originated from the National Assembly, and its purpose was to write a constitution that would create a new France, one that was based on equality, liberty and fraternity - a nation governed by the people, and for the people - where men are born and remain equal in rights. It was essentially dominated by members of the Bourgeoisie, as well as some Nobles and Clergymen, but it did not effectively represent the whole of France. The National Constituent Assembly set up a militia type force, called the National Guard, to protect themselves and their ideas, from those who were counter-revolutionary. It was led by Marquis De LaFayatte, a member of the second Estate, who was also an influential voice in the Constituent Assembly. The Assembly did not want to create a Republic, it wanted to create a Constitutional Monarchy. It still wanted the King as Head of State, but wanted the people's rights and values outlined in a constitution, rather than decided by th e King. In 1789 the Constituent Assembly began developing a Constitution, because it was what the French people wanted - but their moods quickly changed and the proposed constitution became a calamity. Some reforms made by the National Constituent Assembly we... ...ring the situation. The Assignats that the State had introduced were rapidly deflating, and some store owners would not even accept them. Despite reforms that stabilised Frances economy periodically, the Constituent Assembly had not solved the long term economic problems that still surrounded the nation. Most of these peasants were also loyal Catholics, and resented the loss of power of the Church, and were hungry for political change. By October 1791, the National Constituent Assembly believed that it had fulfilled its goal of creating a new Constitution, and dissolved itself. It set up a new Government called the Legislative Assembly, to enforce the new Constitution, which only lasted a further six months. Hence, the National Constituent Assembly had established important reforms but it had failed to solve the economic crisis that began the original revolt of the French people. The varying discontent it had created amongst different groups of society, far overshadowed those who were satisfied with the changes. Much discontent, amongst many people, is dangerous when there is no common destination. So many demands, with so few answers, meant the revolution had to continue.

Discuss the nature and quality of make-belief play Essay

Discuss the nature and quality of make-belief play, and the particular ways in which it relates to drama.  Drama in education requires an atmosphere of ‘playfulness’. We must be prepared to play with ideas, our bodies, voice, self and others. Young children do this naturally, learning by thrilling experience of living. Children ‘make’ their world in ways not dissimilar from theatrical form. Children’s play and theatre can be seen as constituting two ends of a continuum. These are theatre games and theatre. Drama in education inhabits the area in between. It can move towards the play end, where very young children are engaging in drama that is close to their own form of free play. The difference, however, is that it takes place as a result of teacher intervention, in that the teacher locates the drama activity in a particular aspect of living. Older students may work very close to the ‘theatre’ end of the continuum, where performance skills and communicative intention are paramount. At any one time, the teacher of drama needs to know at what point on the continuum she/he is working. For young children, dramatic play provides a journey into the world of â€Å"let’s pretend,† where they can readily transform themselves into the role of any character they choose. A story can be created as a script, often with a theme, where expressive actions convey a sequence of events that construct the plot. Whether the style of drama appears connected to occupations such as being a fire-fighter, a community happening such as a big snowstorm, or a fictional representation of The Three Bears, children are actors, producers, directors and set designers. By engaging in meaningful dialogue, their language and non-verbal gestures gradually reveal what they know and what they want to express. Dramatic play benefits children in all developmental areas. As children engage in fantasy play, they re-live experiences by symbolically imitating what they observe around them. Through children’s interpersonal relationships within socio-dramatic play, opportunities arise for in-depth thinking such as imagining, recalling, reasoning and negotiating (Vygotsky). By exploring life’s situations from the community and home, a child can re-create an identity that fulfils personal emotional needs and desires. The compelling urge to become physically powerful and socially dominant is fulfilled when a child adopts the role of a superheroine such as Princess Xena .While a traumatic family event can be played out as therapeutic drama when a child transfers inner feelings of rejection or hostility towards dolls or soft toys. The need for reassurance can be provided in dramatic play when a child knows it is acceptable to take on the role of being a baby, so that any sense of displacement, caused by the arrival of a new sibling within the family, is eased. Children have the freedom to be active and spontaneous in dramatic play, because, as Eden says, â€Å"it can be undertaken without regard for external goals and sanctions.†